Longman / Prentice Hall

History

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World's History, The, Combined Volume, 3/E
Howard Spodek, Temple University

ISBN-10: 0131773186
ISBN-13: 9780131773189

Publisher: Prentice Hall
Copyright: 2006
Format: Cloth; 880 pp
Published: 02/03/2005

Suggested retail price: $132.00
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A true exploration of world history, The World's History links chronology, themes, and geography in eight units, or parts of study, each emphasizing a single theme–origins, cities, empires, religion, trade, migrations, revolutions, and technology. Geographically, each part covers the entire globe, though specific topics place greater emphasis on specific regions. Rich in primary sources–both written and visual–and in data and interpretation, the new edition addresses how historians form, debate, and revise our historical understanding of the world, shows the value of other disciplines in understanding history, and helps students begin to assess their own place in the ongoing history of the world.

  • Updated and revised pedagogical aids (glossary, bibliography, timelines, spotlights, maps illustrations) provide students with more detailed and extensive presentation of material.
    • key topics at the beginning of each chapter
    • review questions at the end of each chapter
    • one or two interactive maps per chapter
    • a running glossary of items highlighted in the text and appearing in the margins and in the back of the book
  • “Turning Point” essays at the end of each part (each is designed to make the text more accessible and provide a rich, comprehensive, and challenging introduction to the study of world history and the methods and key interpretations of its historians).
  • Consolidated and streamlined design (much of the boxed content of earlier editions has been incorporated into the narrative text, and the text is set in single-column format) provides a more aesthetically pleasing, spacious layout.
  • Two-Page chapter-opening illustrations features an illustration embodying the core theme of each chapter.
  • Reorganized, divided final unit - the first part looks at the technology of the twentieth century until about 1980, the second analyzes technology since 1980 as it relates to human “Identity”–religious, national, gender, and age–and how these identities have affected and been affected by new technologies, especially communication,
  • Separate, color coded “How Do We Know?” boxed features demonstrate how historians sift through source materials and debate their interpretation.
  • Questions accompanying “How Do We Know?” features encourage students to appreciate the work of the historians in producing the records we have today.
  • Additional color-coded boxed features in each chapter introduce relevant primary sources for further analysis.
  • Thematic organization (continued emphasis on themes without neglecting chronology) helps students make sense of human historical experiences by keeping the theme and chronology clear.
  • Interpretive approach stresses historical method and historiography and introduces students to how the past is understood and interpreted by historians.
  • Primary and secondary sources provide students with historical perspective that illuminates the experience of age and place.
  • Abundance of illustrations expose students to culture of world societies and adds visual enhancement.
  • Sidebars, spotlights, maps, time lines, charts provide students with visual reinforcement of material.

  • Updated and revised pedagogical aids (glossary, bibliography, timelines, spotlights, maps illustrations) provide students with more detailed and extensive presentation of material.
    • key topics at the beginning of each chapter
    • review questions at the end of each chapter
    • one or two interactive maps per chapter
    • a running glossary of items highlighted in the text and appearing in the margins and in the back of the book
  • “Turning Point” essays at the end of each part (each is designed to make the text more accessible) provide a rich, comprehensive, and challenging introduction to the study of world history and the methods and key interpretations of its historians.
  • Consolidated and streamlined design (much of the boxed content of earlier editions has been incorporated into the narrative text, and the text is set in single-column format) provides a more aesthetically pleasing, spacious layout.
  • Two-Page chapter-opening illustrations feature an illustration embodying the core theme of each chapter.
  • Reorganized, divided final unit - the first part looks at the technology of the twentieth century until about 1980, the second analyzes technology since 1980 as it relates to human “Identity”—religious, national, gender, and age—and how these identities have affected and been affected by new technologies, especially communication.
  • Separate, color coded “How Do We Know?” boxed features demonstrate how historians sift through source materials and debate their interpretation.
  • Questions accompanying “How Do We Know?” features encourage students to appreciate the work of the historians in producing the records we have today.
  • Additional color-coded boxed features in each chapter introduce relevant primary sources for further analysis.

Introduction: The World Through Historians’ Eyes.

PART 1. HUMAN ORIGINS AND HUMAN CULTURES.

5 million B.C.E.—10,000 B.C.E.

Building an Interpretive Framework: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?

 1. The Dry Bones Speak.

5 million B.C.E.—10,000 B.C.E.

HUMAN ORIGINS IN MYTH AND HISTORY.

Early Myths.

The Evolutionary Explanation.

The New Challenges.

FOSSILS AND FOSSIL HUNTERS.

The Puzzling Neanderthals.

Homo erectus: A Worldwide Wanderer.

The Search Shifts to Africa.

Homo habilis.

Australopithecus afarensis.

The Debate over African Origins.

Reading the Genetic Record.

The Theory of Scientific Revolution.

HUMANS CREATE CULTURE.

Biological Evolution and Cultural Creativity.

How Do We Know? Dating Archaeological Finds.

How Did We Survive?

Global Migration.

Increased Population and New Settlements.

How Do We Know? Man the Hunter or Woman the Gatherer?

Changes in the Toolkit.

Language and Communication.

Cave Art and Portable Art.

Agriculture: From Hunter-gatherer to Farmer.

THE STORY OF PREHISTORY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

TURNING POINT: THE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE.

PART 2. SETTLING DOWN.

10,000 B.C.E.—1000 C.E.

The First Cities and Why They Matter: Digs, Texts, and Interpretations.

 2. From Village Community to City-State.

10,000 B.C.E.—750 B.C.E.

Food First: The Agricultural Village.

THE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE.

THE FIRST CITIES.

SUMER: THE BIRTH OF THE CITY.

THE GROWTH OF THE CITY-STATE.

Religion: The Priesthood and the City.

Occupational Specialization and Class Structure.

Arts and Invention.

Trade and Markets: Wheeled Cart and Sailboat.

Monumental Architecture and Adornment.

Writing.

How Do We Know? Decoding Sumerian Writing.

Achievements in Literature and Law.

SOURCE: The Epic of Gilgamesh.

SOURCE: The Code of Hammurabi.

How Do We Know? Some Modern Critiques of Early Urbanization.

THE FIRST CITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

 3. RiverValley Civilizations.

7000 B.C.E.—750 B.C.E.

The Nile and the Indus.

EGYPT: THE GIFT OF THE NILE.

Earliest Egypt: Before the Kings.

The Written Record.

UNIFICATION AND THE RULE OF THE KINGS.

The Gods, The Unification of Egypt, and the Afterlife.

How Do We Know? Written Texts and Archaeological Excavations.

Cities of the Dead.

The Growth of Cities.

Monumental Architecture of the Old Kingdom: Pyramids and Fortresses.

The Disintegration of the Old Kingdom.

SOURCE: The Egyptian Book of the Dead and the “Negative Confession.”

The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom.

AKHETATEN, CAPITAL CITY OF KING AKHENATEN.

THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION AND ITS MYSTERIES.

The Roots of the Indus Valley Civilization.

The Design and Construction of Well-planned Cities.

Crafts and the Arts.

Carefully Planned Cities.

Questions of Interpretation.

Legacies of the Harappan Civilization.

How Do We Know? The Decline of Harappan Civilization.

THE CITIES OF THE NILE AND THE INDUS: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

 4. A Polycentric World.

1700 B.C.E.—1000 C.E.

Cities and States in East Asia, The Americas, and West Africa.

CHINA: THE XIA, SHANG, AND ZHOU DYNASTIES.

The Earliest Villages.

The Beginnings of State Formation.

Early Evidence of Writing.

Historical Evidence of the Xia Dynasty.

How Do We Know? Ancient China.

Similarities Among the Three Dynasties.

City and State under the Shang and Zhou.

SOURCE: The Cosmo-Magical City.

Early Royal Capitals.

Anyang: The Last Shang Capital.

The Zhou Dynasty.

THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: MESOAMERICA AND SOUTH AMERICA.

Origins: Migration and Agriculture.

Mesoamerican Urbanization: The First Stages.

Olmec Civilization along the Gulf Coast.

Zapotec Civilization in the Oaxaca Valley.

The Urban Explosion: Teotihuacán.

Successor States in the Valley of Mexico.

The Rise and Fall of the Maya.

The Great City of Tikal.

SOURCE: The Popol Vuh.

Maya Civilization in Decline.

How Do We Know? Great-Jaguar-Paw: Mayan King of Tikal.

Urbanization in South America.

How Do We Know? The Mysteries of Maya Writing.

Coastal Settlements and Networks.

The Moche.

The Chimu.

Urbanization in the Andes Mountains.

The Chavin .

The Tiwanaku, Huari, and Nazca.

The Inca.

Agricultural Towns in North America.

WEST AFRICA: THE NIGER RIVER VALLEY.

West Africa before Urbanization.

Jenne-jeno: A New Urban Pattern?

State Formation?

THE FIRST CITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

TURNING POINT: FROM CITY-STATE TO EMPIRE.

PART 3. EMPIRE AND IMPERIALISM.

2000 B.C.E.—1100 C.E.

What are Empires and Why are they Important?

 5. Dawn of the Empires.

2000 B.C.E.—300 B.C.E.

Empire-building in North Africa, West Asia, and the Mediterranean.

THE MEANING OF EMPIRE.

THE EARLIEST EMPIRES.

Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent.

Sargon of Akkad.

Waves of Invaders: The Babylonians and the Hittites.

The Assyrians.

Egypt and International Conquest.

The Art of Palace and Temple.

The End of Empire.

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE.

Persian Expansion.

Imperial Policies.

Cyrus II.

Cambyses II.

Darius I.

Symbols of Power.

THE GREEK CITY-STATES.

Early City-States of the Aegean.

The Minoans.

How Do We Know? Discovering Troy and Mycenae.

The Myceneans.

THE GREEK POLIS: IMAGE AND REALITY.

Source: Homer and the Value System of Early Greece.

Athens and the Development of Democracy.

War with Persia.

Athens: from City-State to Mini-Empire.

The Golden Age of Athenian Culture.

Historians.

Philosophers.

Dramatists.

SOURCE: Socrates on the Rights of the State over the Individual.

The Limits of City-State Democracy.

The Peloponnesian War.

SOURCE: Pericles’ Funeral Oration.

THE EMPIRE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT.

The Conquests of Philip.

The Reign of Alexander the Great.

How Do We Know? Evaluating Alexander the Great.

The Legacy of Alexander: The Hellenistic Ecumene.

EMPIRE-BUILDING: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

 6. Rome and the Barbarians.

750 B.C.E.—500 C.E.

The Rise and Fall of Empire.

FROM HILL TOWN TO EMPIRE.

The Founding of the Roman Republic.

The Conquest of Italy.

The Conquest of Carthage and the Western Mediterranean.

Subsequent Expansion.

SOURCE: Artifactual Records.

Institutions of Empire.

Patrons and Clients.

How Do We Know? Contemporary Historians Evaluate the History of Rome.

The Roman Family.

Class and Class Conflict.

The Struggle of the Orders.

Urban Splendor and Squalor.

Attempts at Reform.

“Bread and Circuses.”

Slaves and Slave Revolts.

Military Power.

Generals in Politics.

SOURCE: The Legacy and Epitaph of August Caesar.

The End of the Republic.

How Do We Know? Roman Law: Theory and Practice.

Economic Policies of the Empire.

Supplying Rome.

Building Cities.

Luxury Trades.

Cultural Policies of the Empire.

Greco-Roman Culture.

Stoicism.

Religion in the Empire.

Christianity Triumphant.

THE BARBARIANS AND THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.

Invaders at the Gates.

How Do We Know? The “Barbarians”: Chinese Sources.

The Decline and Dismemberment of the Roman Empire.

The Crisis of the Third Century.

The Fragmentation of Authority.

Causes of the Decline and Fall.

The Empire in the East.

Resurgence under Justinian.

Religious Struggles.

A Millennium of Byzantine Strength.

THE LEGACY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?  

 7. China.

200 B.C.E.—900 C.E.

Fracture and Unification: The Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang Dynasties.

THE QIN DYNASTY.

Military Power and Mobilization.

Economic Power.

Administrative Power.

Competing Ideologies of Empire.

Confucianism.

SOURCE: Confucius and The Analects.

Legalism.

Daoism.

The Struggle between Legalism and Confucianism.

The Mandate of Heaven.

The Fall of the Qin Dynasty.

THE HAN DYNASTY.

A Confucian Bureaucracy.

SOURCE: Treatises about Women in Han Society.

Military Power and Diplomacy.

How Do We Know? The Grand Historians.

Population and Migration.

Economic Power.

Fluctuations in Administrative Power.

An Interregnum.

A Weakened Han Dynasty.

Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han.

DISINTEGRATION AND REUNIFICATION.

Ecology and Culture.

Buddhism Reaches China.

Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The Short-lived Sui Dynasty.

Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty.

How Do We Know? Poetry as a Source for History.

IMPERIAL CHINA.

The West and Northwest.

The South and Southwest.

Vietnam .

Korea .

Japan.

Immigration and Cultural Influences.

LEGACIES FOR THE FUTURE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

 8. Indian Empires.

1500 B.C.E.—1100 C.E.

Cultural Cohesion in a Divided Subcontinent.

NEW ARRIVALS IN SOUTH ASIA.

The Spread of Aryan Settlement.

Written Texts.

The Vedas.

How Do We Know? Pottery and Philology.

The Mahabharata and the Ramayana.

The Establishment of States.

THE EMPIRES OF INDIA.

The Maurya Empire.

Government under the Maurya Dynasty.

SOURCE: Asoka, India’s Buddhist Emperor.

Asoka, India’s Buddhist Emperor.

Successor States Divide the Empire.

The Gupta Empire.

A Golden Age of Learning.

The Resurgence of Hinduism.

INVASIONS END THE AGE OF EMPIRES.

The Hunas and their Legacy.

Regional Diversity and Power.

SOURCE: Tamil Culture in Southeast India.

How Do We Know? Coins and Excavations.

Sea Trade and Cultural Influence: From Rome to Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asia: “Greater India.”

INDIA, CHINA, AND ROME: EMPIRES AND INTERMEDIATE INSTITUTIONS.

Sources.

Administration.

International Relations.

Invasion of the Hunas.

Local Institutions and the State.

INDIAN EMPIRES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

TURNING POINT: POLITICS AND RELIGION.

PART 4. THE RISE OF WORLD RELIGIONS.

2500 B.C.E.—1500 C.E.

Not by Bread Alone: Religion in World History.

 9. Hinduism and Buddhism.

1500 B.C.E.—1200 C.E.

The Sacred Subcontinent: The Spread of Religion in India and Beyond.

EXAMINING RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.

HINDUISM.

The Origins of Hinduism.

Sacred Geography and Pilgrimage.

The Central Beliefs of Hinduism.

The Rigveda.

Caste.

The Brahamanas and Upanishads.

The Great Epics.

SOURCE: The Bhagavad-Gita from the Mahabharata.

The Puranas.

Temples and Shrines.

Religion and Rule.

Hinduism in Southeast Asia.

How Do We Know? Hinduism in Southeast Asia.

BUDDHISM.

The Origins of Buddhism.

The Life of the Buddha.

SOURCE: The Address to Sigala: Buddhism in Everyday Life.

The Sangha.

The Emergence of Mahayana Buddhism.

The Decline of Buddhism in India.

Jainism.

Buddhism in China.

Arrival in China: The Silk Route.

Relations with Daoism and Confucianism.

Buddhism under the Tang Dynasty.

SOURCE: The Transience of Life: A Woman’s Perspective from the Tang Dynasty.

Buddhism’s Decline in China.

Buddhism in Japan.

Buddhism’s Arrival in Japan.

Buddhism’s Role in Unifying Japan.

Japanese Buddhism Develops New Forms.

Lasting Buddhist Elements in Japanese Society.

COMPARING HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM.

HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

10. Judaism and Christianity.

1700 B.C.E.—1100 C.E.

Peoples of the Bible: God’s Evolution in West Asia and Europe.

JUDAISM.

The Sacred Scriptures.

Essential Beliefs of Judaism in Early Scriptures.

SOURCE: The Ten Commandments.

The Later Books of Jewish Scripture.

Rule by Judges and by Kings.

The Teachings of the Prophets: Morality and Hope.

The Evolution of the Image of God.

Patriarchy and Gender Relations.

Defeat, Exile, and Redefinition.

Minority—Majority Relations in the Diaspora.

CHRISTIANITY.

Christianity Emerges from Judaism .

How Do We Know? The Search for the Historical Jesus.

Jesus’ Life, Teachings, and Disciples.

Adapting Rituals to New Purposes.

Overturning the Old Order.

SOURCE: The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount.

Jesus and the Jewish Establishment.

Miracles and Resurrection.

The Growth of the Early Church.

Paul Organizes the Early Church.

The Christian Calendar.

Gender Relations.

From Persecution to Triumph.

The Conversion of Constantine.

How Had Christianity Succeeded?

How Do We Know? Explanations for the Spread of Christianity.

Doctrine: Definition and Dispute.

Battles over Dogma.

CHRISTIANITY IN THE WAKE OF EMPIRE.

The Conversion of the Barbarians.

Decentralized Power and Monastic Life.

The Church Divides into East and West.

The Split between Rome and Constantinople.

New Areas Adopt Orthodox Christianity.

Christianity in Western Europe.

The Pope Allies with the Franks.

SOURCE: Charlemagne and Harun-al-Rashid.

Charlemagne Revives the Idea of Empire.

The Attempt at Empire Fails.

EARLY CHRISTIANITY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

11. Islam.

570 C.E.—1500 C.E.

Submission to Allah: Muslim Civilization Bridges the World.

THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM.

The Prophet: His Life and Teaching.

The Five Pillars of Islam.

Responses to Muhammad.

How Do We Know? Sources on Early Islam.

The Hijra and the Islamic Calendar.

Muhammad Extends his Authority.

Connections to Other Monotheistic Faiths.

How Do We Know? Gender Relations in Islam.

SUCCESSORS TO THE PROPHET.

Civil War: Religious Conflict and the Sunni-Shi’a Division.

The Umayyad Caliphs Build an Empire.

The Third Civil War and the Abbasid Caliphs.

The Weakening of the Caliphate.

The Emergence of Quasi-independent States.

Seljuk Turks and their Sultanate.

The Mongols and the Destruction of the Caliphate.

SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS, AND CULTURAL FLOWERING.

Islam Reaches New Peoples.

India.

Southeast Asia.

Sub-Saharan Africa.

Law Provides an Institutional Foundation.

Sufis Provide Religious Mysticism.

The Role of Mysticism.

SOURCE: Al-Ghazzali, “the Renewer of Islam.”

Intellectual Achievements.

History.

Philosophy.

Mathematics, Astronomy, and Medicine.

The Extension of Technology.

City Design and Architecture.

RELATIONS WITH NON-MUSLIMS.

Dhimmi Status.

The Crusades.

A Golden Age in Spain.

How Do We Know? Conversion and Assimilation.

JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

TURNING POINT: RELIGION TO TRADE.

PART 5. THE MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND PEOPLES.

1000—1776.

Channels of Communication: The Exchange of Commodities, Diseases, and Culture.

12. Establishing World Trade Routes.

1000—1500.

The Geography and Philosophies of Early Economic Systems.

WORLD TRADE: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS.

TRADE NETWORKS.

TRADE IN THE AMERICAS BEFORE 1500.

Trade in the Inca Empire.

Trade in Central America and Mexico.

TRADE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.

West Africa.

East Africa.

MUSLIM AND JEWISH TRADERS.

Jewish Traders.

Muslim Traders.

How Do We Know? The Records in the Cairo Genizah.

ASIA’S COMPLEX TRADE PATTERNS.

The Polynesians of the South Pacific.

Malay Sailors in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean.

Sailors and Merchants of the Indian Ocean.

SOURCE: The Arabian Nights.

China.

International Trade.

SOURCE: Chinese Ships in South Indian Harbors: An Account by Ibn Battuta.

Internal Trade.

SOURCE: River Trade in China.

THE MONGOLS.

The “Pax Mongolica.”

How Do We Know? The Mongol Empire.

Chinggis Khan.

The End of the Mongol Empire.

Plague and the Trade Routes.

From Mongol to Ming: Dynastic Transition.

LEGACIES TO THE PRESENT: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

13. European Visions.

1100—1776.

Economic Growth, Religion and Renaissance, Global Connections.

THE ATLANTIC.

THE DECLINE OF TRADE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

TRADE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN EUROPE.

Guilds and City-states Confront Rural Aristocrats.

Economic and Social Conflict within the City.

How Do We Know? Fernand Braudel Begins the Historical Study of Oceans.

New Directions in Philosophy and Learning.

How Do We Know? Islamic Influences on the European Renaissance.

Disasters of the Fourteenth Century: Famine, Plague, and War.

SOURCE: Giovanni Boccaccio Describes the Plague.

Social Unrest Follows the Plague.

THE RENAISSANCE.

New Artistic Styles.

Developments in Technology.

The Church Revises its Economic Policies. 

A NEW WORLD.

SOURCE: The Journal of Columbus’ First Voyage to the Americas.

OCEANIA.

LEGACIES TO THE FUTURE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

14. The Unification of World Trade.

1500—1776.

New Philosophies for New Trade Patterns.

THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE AND THE BIRTH OF CAPITALISM.

THE EMPIRES OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

Spain’s New World Conquests.

SOURCE: Adam Smith on Capitalism.

Making the Conquests Pay.

Merchant Profits.

Warfare and Bankruptcy.

Portugal’s Empire.

Portugal in Africa.

Portugal in Brazil.

Portugal in the Indian Ocean.

Evaluating the Spanish and Portuguese Empires.

TRADE AND RELIGION IN WESTERN EUROPE: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION AND THE

CATHOLIC REFORMATION.

The Reformation.

The Catholic Reformation (the Counter-Reformation).

How Do We Know? Weber and Tawney on Religion and Capitalism.

The Dutch Republic, France, and England.

Spanish Defeats.

The Dutch Republic: Seaborne Merchant Enterprise.

SOURCE: National Joint Stock Companies: Instruments of Trade and Colonization.

France and Britain.

France: Consolidating the Nation 469

Britain: Establishing Commercial Supremacy.

THE NATION-STATE.

RUSSIA’S EMPIRE UNDER PETER THE GREAT 473

DIVERSE CULTURES, DIVERSE TRADE SYSTEMS.

Ottomans and Mughals.

Ming and Qing Dynasties in China.

How Do We Know? How Europe Surpassed China Economically and Militarily.

Tokugawa Japan.

Southeast Asia.

THE INFLUENCE OF WORLD TRADE: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

15. Migration.

1300—1750.

Demographic Changes in a New Global Ecumene.

THE “NEW EUROPES.”

The Columbian Exchanges of Plants, Animals, and Disease 487

The Devastation of the Amerindian Population.

Benefits of the Columbian Exchanges.

North America .

The Antipodes: Australia and New Zealand, 1600—1900.

SOURCE: Captain Cook Encounters the Aboriginals of Australia.

South Africa, 1652—1902.

SLAVERY: ENFORCED MIGRATION, 1500—1750.

Reinterpreting the Slave Trade.

How Do We Know? How Many Slaves?

ASIAN MIGRATIONS, 1300—1750.

The Ottoman Empire, 1300—1700.

India: The Mughal Empire, 1526—1707.

Akbar, Emperor of India.

Safavid Persia, 1400—1700.

China: The Ming and Manchu Dynasties, 1368—1750 507

GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH AND MOVEMENT.

CITIES AND DEMOGRAPHICS.

Delhi/Shahjahanabad.

Isfahan.

SOURCE: Ibn Khaldun on Urban Life in the Fourteenth Century.

Constantinople (Istanbul)

London.

MIGRATION AND DEMOGRAPHY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

TURNING POINT: AN ALBUM OF COMPARISONS.

PART 6. SOCIAL CHANGE.

1640—1914.

Western Revolutions and their Influence.

16. Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas.

1649—1830.

The Birth of Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment.

POLITICAL REVOLUTION.

HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT.

Philosophical Rationales.

Hobbes and the “State of Nature.”

Locke and the Enlightenment.

A Theory of Government by Property Owners.

Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy.

ENGLAND’S GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, 1688.

SOURCE: Universal Suffrage vs. Property Rights 532

The Bill of Rights, 1689.

The Reality of Government by Male Property Owners.

THE PHILOSOPHES AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

REVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICA, 1776.

The Constitution and the Bill of Rights, 1789.

The First Anti-imperial Revolution.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON, 1789—1812.

The Origins of Revolution.

The Revolt of the Third Estate.

The Revolt of the Poor.

International War, The “Second” Revolution, and the Terror, 1791—99.

SOURCE: Olympe de Gouges, “The Rights of Women.”

How Do We Know? The Historiography of the French Revolution.

Napoleon in Power, 1799—1812.

The Napoleonic Wars and the Spread of Revolution, 1799—1812.

HAITI: SLAVE REVOLUTION AND THE OVERTHROW OF COLONIALISM, 1791—1804.

The Slave Revolt 548

The Anti-imperial Revolt 548

THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE.

How Do We Know? Abolition: Historians Debate the Causes.

THE END OF COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA: INDEPENDENCE AND DISILLUSIONMENT,

1810—30.

Independence Movements.

After Independence.

Simón Bolívar and the Challenge of Unification.

Mexico.

Brazil.

Paraguay: The New Historiography.

Religious and Economic Issues.

SOURCE: An Epic Verse History of Latin America.

POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

17. The Industrial Revolution.

1700—1914.

A Global Process.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WHAT WAS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?

BRITAIN, 1700—1860 .

A Revolution in Agriculture.

A Revolution in Textile Manufacture.

Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships.

How Do We Know? Why Did the Industrial Revolution Begin in Britain?

SOURCE: Conflicting Images of Early Industrial Life: The English Romantic Poets.

THE SECOND STAGE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION,

1860—1914 571

New Products and New Nations.

Steel and Chemical Industries.

Electricity.

Factory Production.

Warfare and Industrialization.

The Effects of the Second Industrial Revolution Worldwide.

SOCIAL CHANGES: THE CONDITIONS OF WORKING PEOPLE.

Demographic Causes and Effects of the Industrial Revolution 574

Winners and Losers in the Industrial Revolution.

Gender Relationships and the Industrial Revolution.

POLITICAL REACTION IN BRITAIN AND EUROPE, 1800—1914.

Political, Economic, and Social Reform in Britain.

Labor Organization.

Karl Marx and Theories of Worker Revolution.

Germany, 1870—1914.

The United States, 1870—1914.

France, 1870—1914.

Labor in the Non-industrialized World.

SOURCE: Tariffs, Wealth, and Poverty: Reflections on America and India by Pandita Ramabai.

NEW PATTERNS OF URBAN LIFE.

SOURCE: Diverse Perspectives.

How Do We Know? Quantifying the Conditions of Industrial Urbanization.

Urban Planning: The Middle Ground of Optimists and Pessimists.

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

18. Nationalism, Imperialism, and Resistance.

1650—1914.

Competition among Industrial Powers.

NATIONALISM.

The French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and Nationalism.

The Periphery of Western Europe.

Italy and Germany.

How Do We Know? What is Nationalism?

The Rise of Zionism in Europe,

THE QUEST FOR EMPIRE,

The Ottoman Empire: The “Sick Man of Europe,” 1829—76,

Southeast Asia and Indonesia, 1795—1880,

India, 1858—1914.

SOURCE: “The Attack of King Industry.”

China, 1800—1914.

The Opium Wars, 1839—42 and 1856—60.

The Boxer Rebellion, 1898—1900.

AFRICA, 1652—1912.

South Africa, 1652—1910.

Egypt, 1798—1882.

Algeria, 1830—71.

Islamic Religious Revival.

A Western Orientation in West Africa.

European Explorers and the Scramble for Africa.

How Do We Know? Why did Europeans Colonize the World?

Labor Issues: Coercion and Unionization.

GENDER RELATIONSHIPS IN COLONIZATION.

ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLTS, 1857—1914.

JAPAN: FROM ISOLATION TO EQUALITY, 1867—1914.

The End of the Shogunate.

Policies of the Meiji Government.

Restructuring Government.

SOURCE: Fukuzawa Yukichi: Cultural Interpreter.

Restructuring the Economy.

Urbanization.

Cultural and Educational Change.

Gender Relations.

War, Colonialism, and Equality in the Family of Nations.

NATIONALISM AND IMPERIALISM: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE? 

TURNING POINT: THE OLYMPICS AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS.

PART 7. EXPLODING TECHNOLOGIES.

1914—91.

Contested Visions of a New International Order.

19. Methods of Mass Production and Destruction.

1914—37.

Technological Systems.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CREATIVITY.

GENDER RELATIONS.

URBANIZATION AND MIGRATION.

THE DOWNSIDE OF PROGRESS.

Militarized Competition among the Great Powers 654

OUTSIDE EUROPE.

India.

China.

Latin America.

The Mexican Revolution, 1910—20.

The Ottoman Empire 661

WORLD WAR I, 1914—18.

How Do We Know? War Experiences Subvert Colonialism.

Post-war Expectations and Results.

The Paris Peace Settlements, 1919.

The League of Nations.

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.

The Build-up to Revolution, 1914—17.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution.

State Planning in Soviet Russia.

Women in the Soviet Union.

POST-WAR AMERICA.

The Depression.

SOURCE: How Should We Live?

METHODS OF PRODUCTION AND DESTRUCTION: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

20. World War II and the Cold War.

1937—49.

The World in Peril.

PORTENTS OF DISASTER.

THE CONTEST OF THE “ISMS”: FASCISM AND COMMUNISM.

Italy 686

Germany.

Japan.

THE DESCENT TOWARD WORLD WAR.

The Early Cost of War Technology.

WORLD WAR II.

The War in Europe, 1939—45.

The War in the Pacific, 1937—42.

Turning the Tide, 1942—5.

War in Asia and the Pacific, 1942—5.

Assessing the Results of the War.

Technology in the War.

Women and the War.

SOURCE: Women as Spoils of War: Japan’s Comfort Women.

Horrors of the War.

How Do We Know? The Milgram Experiment and the “Final Solution.”

THE IMAGE OF HUMANITY .

How Do We Know? The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb 712

THE UNITED NATIONS, POSTWAR RECOVERY, AND THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR 714

The United Nations.

SOURCE: Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations.

Resettlement.

Political Reconstruction in Japan and Germany.

Japan.

Germany.

Economic Reconstruction and the Cold War.

ENTERING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

21. Cold War and New Nations.

1945—89.

Remaking the Post-World War II World.

THE COLD WAR, 1945—89: USA VS. USSR.

The Korean War, 1950—53.

The Soviet Union after Stalin.

Nikita Khrushchev, 1953—64.

Leonid Brezhnev, 1964—82.

The American Military-Industrial Complex.

The Cuban Missile Crisis.

SOURCE: Guerrilla Warfare.

THE COLD WAR AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW NATIONS.

Africa.

Egypt.

Congo.

How Do We Know? Evaluating the Legacies of Colonialism.

Algeria.

Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea.

THE EMERGENCE OF THE THIRD WORLD.

Client States and Proxy Wars.

Latin America.

Nicaragua.

Guatemala.

Panama.

Chile.

Iran.

TERRORISM.

IN PURSUIT OF PEACE.

The United Nations: Growth and New Missions.

SOURCE: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring.

Demographics: Health, Migration, Urbanization, and the Green Revolution.

Economic Growth.

Western Europe.

Japan.

International Organization.

How Do We Know? The Social Setting of Technology.

NGOS AND TRANSNATIONALS.

LEGACIES OF THE COLD WAR, DECOLONIZATION, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: WHAT

DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

22. China and India.

1914—91.

Postwar Developments.

CHINA, 1925—89.

Prelude to Revolution.

Power Struggles, 1925—37.

Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang.

Mao Zedong, Peasant Revolt, and the Communist Party.

Peasant Organization and Guerrilla Warfare.

Gender Issues under Mao.

The Long March and the Communist Triumph, 1934—49.

Revolutionary Policies, 1949—69.

Implementing the Principles of the Long March, 1949—55.

“Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom,” 1956—7.

How Do We Know? A Journalist—Activist Responds to the “Hundred Flowers” Campaign.

The “Great Leap Forward,” 1957—69.

The Cultural Revolution, 1966—9.

Recovery, 1970—76.

International Relations.

USSR.

The United States.

East Asia.

India.

Post-Revolutionary China.

INDIA, 1914—91.

The Independence Struggle, 1914—47.

British Policies and Practices.

Gandhi’s Innovations and Courage.

Gandhi Develops Satyagraha in South Africa.

SOURCE: Gandhi’s First Experience with Racism in South Africa.

Gandhi Returns to India and Leads the Congress.

Hindu—Muslim Unity.

Abolition of Untouchability.

Cultural Policies.

Prohibition.

Appropriate Technology.

SOURCE: Gandhi and Labor Relations.

Congress Campaigns for Independence, 1920—22, 1930—32, 1942.

Independence, 1947.

Pakistan.

Kashmir.

Bangladesh.

Problems of the New Government of India.

Unifying and Consolidating the Nation.

Democracy and its Challenges.

Gender Issues.

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Legal Changes.

Social Changes.

Economic Changes.

Economic and Technological Change after Independence.

The Green Revolution.

Land Redistribution.

Family Planning, Life Expectancy, and the Condition of Children.

Industrialization and its Consequences.

How Do We Know? Technological Hazards and Questionable Accountability.

International Relations.

COMPARING CHINA AND INDIA: WHAT DIFFERENCE DOES IT MAKE?

TURNING POINT: INTO A NEW CENTURY.

PART 8. EVOLVING IDENTITIES.

1979—present.

23. New Public Identities.

1979—present.

POLITICAL IDENTITIES.

The Soviet Union Dissolves.

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985—91.

SOURCE: Gorbachev at the United Nations, December 7, 1988.

Boris Yeltsin, 1991—99.

Vladimir Putin, from 2000.

European Identity.

The USA as the Lone Superpower.

SOURCE: Osama bin Laden, leader of al-Qaeda.

RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES.

Hinduism and Islam in South Asia.

Confucianism.

Judaism.

Christianity.

Evangelical Christianity.

Religion in the United States.

How Do We Know? Perspectives on Religious Identity in the United States.

GLOBALIZATION: NEW ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES.

The Internet and the World Wide Web.

How Do We Know? Evaluating Globalization.

Disparities, Disruptions, and Crises: A Cautionary Tale from Asia.

Opposition to Globalization.

The Global Criminal Economy.

Drugs.

Smuggling of Illegal Immigrants.

Trafficking in Women and Children.

Trafficking in Body Parts.

Money Laundering.

Weapons Trafficking.

Trafficking in Nuclear Materials.

Medicine, Science, and Global Ecology.

ECOLOGICAL ISSUES.

PUBLIC IDENTITIES: WHAT DIFFERENCE DO THEY MAKE?

24. Regional Identities and the Twenty-First Century.

EUROPE.

Western and Central Europe.

SOURCE: The Continuing Rationale for European Integration.

Yugoslavia.

AFRICA.

South Africa.

Rwanda and Congo.

How Do We Know? South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

LATIN AMERICA.

Mexico.

Brazil.

CHINA AND INDIA.

China after Mao: An Era of Reform.

How Do We Know? The Force behind China’s Economic Growth: Capitalism or Socialism?

India after Congress Dominance: A Quiet Revolution in Caste and Politics.

The Mandal Commission.

Markets, the IMF, and Capitalist Economics.

ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: JEWS AND ARABS.

SOURCE: The Geneva Accords: A Non-Governmental Plan for Peace.

Glossary.

Index.

Maps.

At A Glance.

Charts.